Adda Boualem¹, Marwane Ayaida², Hichem Sedjelmaci³, Chaimaa Khalfi¹, Kamilia
Brahimi¹, Bochra Khelil¹ and Sanaa Bouchama¹, ¹University of Tiaret, Algeria, ²Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, France, ³Ericsson R&D Security Massy Palaiseau, France

Ad-hoc networks are specifically designed to facilitate communication in environments where establishing a dedicated network infrastructure is exceedingly complex or impractical. The integration of clustering concepts into various ad-hoc network scenarios, including Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET), Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET), Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTN), Wireless Ad-hoc Networks (WANET), Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSN), Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Networks (UAV), commonly known as "drones," Space Networks (SN), and Satellite Networks (TN), presents abundant opportunities for refining strategies in event tracking and area monitoring across both deterministic and uncertain environments. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of diverse proposed strategies leveraging clustering concepts to address coverage challenges within deterministic and uncertain environments. As a result, it addresses current and future challenges inherent in clustering-based WANET, elucidating the merits, shortcomings, and weaknesses of clustering models. Lastly, it identifies potential avenues for addressing coverage issues in existing and emerging technologies.

Clustering-based, WSN, MANET, DTN, UWSN, WANET, UWSN, UAV, SN, TN, Coverage, Connectivity, Deterministic-based models, Uncertainty-based models, Coverage Current Challenges, Coverage Future Challenges